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Teman > Försurning och övergödning > Möjliga motåtgärder
Möjliga motåtgärder
Det går att minska utsläppen av luftföroreningar till nivåer som naturen och vi människor tål, utan stora ekonomiska och materiella uppoffringar.
Det kan göras på många olika sätt sätt, men två huvudstrategier kan urskiljas:
Tekniska åtgärder, t.ex. rökgasrening på kolkraftverk.
Strukturella åtgärder - t.ex. effektivare energianvändning som gör kolkraftverket överflödigt.
Det är svårt att dra någon klar skiljelinje mellan de båda strategierna och störst miljönytta för pengarna fås i de flesta fall genom att kombinera dem.
Mer ur mindre
Det är ofta billigare, och framför allt mycket miljövänligare, att effektivisera användningen av energi än att bygga nya kraftverk. Effektivare energianvändning är enbart av godo, eftersom det handlar om att få ut mer nytta ur samma mängd energi. Genom att minska det nuvarande slöseriet kan energianvändningen, och därmed utsläppen av luftföroreningar, minska avsevärt.
Andra bränslen
Stora miljövinster kan göras genom att övergå från kol och olja till fossilgas (kallas också naturgas), eller ännu hellre till förnybara energikällor. Svavelutsläppen upphör nästan helt och utsläppen av kväveoxider kan minska kraftigt.
Reningsteknik
För såväl förbränningsanläggningar som de flesta typer av fordon finns reningsteknik som kan ta bort mer än 90 procent av de försurande utsläppen. För att snabbt få ner de försurande utsläppen krävs investeringar i rening av t.ex. kolkraftverk, trots att förbränningen av kol och andra fossila bränslen på sikt nästan helt måste upphöra. Omställningen till ett uthålligt energisystem kommer att ta lång tid, men försurningsproblemet är akut.
Bättre gödselhantering
En stor del av den ammoniak som avdunstar från jordbruket gör det på grund av dålig hantering av naturgödseln, både vid lagring och spridning. Genom relativt enkla åtgärder kan dessa utsläpp halveras.
Hur ska det gå till?
Utsläppen minskar knappast av sig självt. Men politiker kan fatta beslut som driver på utvecklingen, t.ex. genom lagar som slår fast hur mycket som får släppas ut från ett kraftverk eller ett helt land, eller genom att förändra skatterna så det blir lönsamt att ha låga utsläpp.
Det är också viktigt med information och kunskap om problem och möjliga lösningar, dels för att kunna motivera lagar och miljöskatter enligt ovan, dels för att företag, myndigheter och privatpersoner själva ska ställa krav och agera miljövänlligt.
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